top of page
                      SCIENCE
             COURSE STRUCTURE:
               (Annual Examination)

UNIT I
Chemical Substances-Nature and Behaviour
MARKS 25 
UNIT II
World of Living
MARKS 23
UNIT III
Natural Phenomena
MARKS 12
UNIT IV
Effects of Current
MARKS 13
UNIT V
Natural Resources
MARKS 07

Total : 80
Internal assessment 20
Grand Total : 100
 

Unit I
​
Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviour

Chemical reactions: Chemical equation, Balanced chemical equation, implications of
a balanced chemical equation, types of chemical reactions: combination,
decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation, neutralization,
oxidation and reduction.
Acids, bases and salts: Their definitions in terms of furnishing of H+ and OH– ions,
General properties, examples and uses, concept of pH scale (Definition relating to
logarithm not required), importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of
Sodium Hydroxide, Bleaching powder, Baking soda, Washing soda and Plaster of
Paris.
Metals and nonmetals: Properties of metals and non-metals; Reactivity series;
Formation and properties of ionic compounds; Basic metallurgical processes; Corrosion
and its prevention.
Carbon compounds: Covalent bonding in carbon compounds. Versatile nature of
carbon. Homologous series. Nomenclature of carbon compounds containing functional
groups (halogens, alcohol, ketones, aldehydes, alkanes and alkynes), difference
between saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Chemical properties
of carbon compounds (combustion, oxidation, addition and substitution reaction).
Ethanol and Ethanoic acid (only properties and uses), soaps and detergents.
Periodic classification of elements: Need for classification, early attempts at
classification of elements (Dobereiner’s Triads, Newland’s Law of Octaves,
Mendeleev’s Periodic Table), Modern periodic table, gradation in properties, valency,
atomic number, metallic and non-metallic properties.


Unit II
​
World of Living

Life processes: ‘Living Being’. Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and
excretion in plants and animals.
Control and co-ordination in animals and plants: Tropic movements in plants;
Introduction of plant hormones; Control and co-ordination in animals: Nervous system;
Voluntary, involuntary and reflex action; Chemical co-ordination: animal hormones.
Reproduction: Reproduction in animals and plants (asexual and sexual) reproductive
health-need and methods of family planning. Safe sex vs HIV/AIDS. Child bearing and
women’s health.
Heredity and Evolution: Heredity; Mendel’s contribution- Laws for inheritance of traits:
Sex determination: brief introduction; Basic concepts of evolution.

Unit III
​
Natural Phenomena

Reflection of light by curved surfaces; Images formed by spherical mirrors, centre of
curvature, principal axis, principal focus, focal length, mirror formula (Derivation not
required), magnification.
Refraction; Laws of refraction, refractive index.
Refraction of light by spherical lens; Image formed by spherical lenses; Lens formula
(Derivation not required); Magnification. Power of a lens.
Functioning of a lens in human eye, defects of vision and their corrections, applications
of spherical mirrors and lenses.
Refraction of light through a prism, dispersion of light, scattering of light, applications in
daily life.

Unit IV
​
Effects of Current

Electric current, potential difference and electric current. Ohm’s law; Resistance,
Resistivity, Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series combination
of resistors, parallel combination of resistors and its applications in daily life. Heating
effect of electric current and its applications in daily life. Electric power, Interrelation
between P, V, I and R.
Magnetic effects of current : Magnetic field, field lines, field due to a current carrying
conductor, field due to current carrying coil or solenoid; Force on current carrying
conductor, Fleming’s Left Hand Rule, Electric Motor, Electromagnetic induction.
Induced potential difference, Induced current. Fleming’s Right Hand Rule, Electric
Generator, Direct current. Alternating current: frequency of AC. Advantage of AC over
DC. Domestic electric circuits.

Unit V
 
Natural Resources

Sources of energy: Different forms of energy, conventional and non-conventional
sources of energy: Fossil fuels, solar energy; biogas; wind, water and tidal energy;
Nuclear energy. Renewable versus non-renewable sources of Energy.
Our environment: Eco-system, Environmental problems, Ozone depletion, waste
production and their solutions. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances.
Management of natural resources: Conservation and judicious use of natural
resources. Forest and wild life; Coal and Petroleum conservation. Examples of people’s
participation for conservation of natural resources. Big dams: advantages and
limitations; alternatives, if any. Water harvesting. Sustainability of natural resources.
 
 

PRACTICALS

1. A. Finding the pH of the following samples by using pH paper/universal indicator:
(i) Dilute Hydrochloric Acid
(ii) Dilute NaOH solution
(iii) Dilute Ethanoic Acid solution
(iv) Lemon juice
(v) Water
(vi) Dilute Hydrogen Carbonate solution
B. Studying the properties of acids and bases (HCl & NaOH) on the basis of their reaction with:
a) Litmus solution (Blue/Red)
b) Zinc metal
c) Solid sodium carbonate
2. Performing and observing the following reactions and classifying them into:
A. Combination reaction
B. Decomposition reaction
C. Displacement reaction
D. Double displacement reaction
(i) Action of water on quicklime
(ii) Action of heat on ferrous sulphate crystals
(iii) Iron nails kept in copper sulphate solution
(iv) Reaction between sodium sulphate and barium chloride solutions
3. Observing the action of Zn, Fe, Cu and Al metals on the following salt solutions:
i) ZnSO4(aq)
ii) FeSO4(aq)
iii) CuSO4(aq)
iv) Al2 (SO4)3(aq)
Arranging Zn, Fe, Cu and Al (metals) in the decreasing order of reactivity based on the
above result.
4. Studying the dependence of potential difference (V) across a resistor on the current (I)
passing through it and determine its resistance. Also plotting a graph between V and I.
5. Determination of the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in series
and parallel.
6. Preparing a temporary mount of a leaf peel to show stomata.
7 Experimentally show that carbon dioxide is given out during respiration.
8 Study of the following properties of acetic acid (ethanoic acid):
i) odour
ii) solubility in water
iii) effect on litmus
iv) reaction with Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate
9 Study of the comparative cleaning capacity of a sample of soap in soft and hard water.
10 Determination of the focal length of:
i) Concave mirror
ii) Convex lens
by obtaining the image of a distant object.
11 Tracing the path of a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass slab for different
angles of incidence. Measure the angle of incidence, angle of refraction, angle of
emergence and interpret the result.
12 Studying (a) binary fission in Amoeba, and (b) budding in yeast and Hydra with the help
of prepared slides.
13 Tracing the path of the rays of light through a glass prism.
14 Finding the image distance for varying object distances in case of a convex lens and
drawing corresponding ray diagrams to show the nature of image formed.
15 Identification of the different parts of an embryo of a dicot seed (Pea, gram or red
kidney bean).
            MATHEMATICS
         COURSE STRUCTURE 


UNIT I
NUMBER SYSTEMS
MARKS 06
UNIT II
ALGEBRA
MARKS 20
UNIT III
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
MARKS 06
UNIT IV
GEOMETRY
MARKS 15
UNIT V
TRIGONOMETRY
MARKS 12
UNIT VI
MENSURATION
MARKS 10
UNIT VII
STATISTICS & PROBABILTY
MARKS 11

Total : 80
Internal assessment : 20
Grand Total : 100
​

UNIT I 
 
NUMBER SYSTEMS

1. REAL NUMBER 
Euclid’s division lemma, Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic - statements after reviewing work done earlier and after illustrating and motivating through examples, Proofs of irrationality of Decimal representation of rational numbers interms of terminating/non-terminating recurring decimals.
 
UNIT II 
​
ALGEBRA

1. POLYNOMIALS 
Zeros of a polynomial. Relationship between zeros and coefficients of quadratic polynomials. Statement and simple problems on division algorithm for polynomials with real coefficients.
2. PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES 
Pair of linear equations in two variables and graphical method of their
solution, consistency/inconsistency.
Algebraic conditions for number of solutions. Solution of a pair of linear equations in two
variables algebraically - by substitution, by elimination and by cross multiplication
method. Simple situational problems. Simple problems on equations reducible to linear
equations.
3. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 
Standard form of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, (a ≠ 0). Solutions of quadratic
equations (only real roots) by factorization, and by using quadratic formula. Relationship between discriminant and nature of roots Situational problems based on quadratic equations related to day to day activities to be
incorporated.
4. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
Motivation for studying Arithmetic Progression Derivation of the nth term and sum of the first n terms of A.P. and their application in solving daily life problems.

UNIT III 
 
COORDINATE GEOMETRY

1. LINES (In two-dimensions)
Review: Concepts of coordinate geometry, graphs of linear equations. Distance formula.
Section formula (internal division). Area of a triangle.

UNIT IV
 
GEOMETRY

1. TRIANGLES 
Definitions, examples, counter examples of similar triangles.
1. (Prove) If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
2. (Motivate) If a line divides two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, the line is parallel
to the third side.
3. (Motivate) If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal, their corresponding sides are proportional and the triangles are similar.
4. (Motivate) If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, their corresponding angles are equal and the two triangles are similar.
5. (Motivate) If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the sides including these angles are proportional, the two triangles are similar.
6. (Motivate) If a perpendicular is drawn from the vertex of the right angle of a right triangle to the hypotenuse, the triangles on each side of the perpendicular are similar to the whole triangle and to each other.
7. (Prove) The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the squares
of their corresponding sides.
8. (Prove) In a right triangle, the square on the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares on the other two sides.
9. (Prove) In a triangle, if the square on one side is equal to sum of the squares on the other two sides, the angles opposite to the first side is a right angle.
2. CIRCLES 
Tangent to a circle at, point of contact
1. (Prove) The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.
2. (Prove) The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
3. CONSTRUCTIONS
1. Division of a line segment in a given ratio (internally).
2. Tangents to a circle from a point outside it.
3. Construction of a triangle similar to a given triangle.

UNIT V
​
TRIGONOMETRY

1. INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right-angled triangle. Proof of their existence (well defined); motivate the ratios whichever are defined at 0o and 90o. Values of the trigonometric ratios of 300, 450 and 600. Relationships between the ratios.
2. TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
Proof and applications of the identity sin2A + cos2A = 1. Only simple identities to be given.Trigonometric ratios of complementary angles.
3. HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES
Angle of elevation, Angle of Depression, Simple problems on heights and distances. Problems hould not involve more than two right triangles. Angles of elevation / depression should be only 30°, 45°, 60°.

UNIT VI
​
MENSURATION

1. AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES 
Motivate the area of a circle; area of sectors and segments of a circle. Problems based on areas and perimeter / circumference of the above said plane figures. (In calculating area of segment of a circle, problems should be restricted to central angle of 60°, 90° and 120° only. Plane figures involving triangles, simple quadrilaterals and circle should be taken.)
2. SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES 
1. Surface areas and volumes of combinations of any two of the following: cubes, cuboids, spheres, hemispheres and right circular cylinders/cones. Frustum of a cone.
2. Problems involving converting one type of metallic solid into another and other mixed
problems. (Problems with combination of not more than two different solids be taken).

UNIT VII 
 
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

1. STATISTICS 
Mean, median and mode of grouped data (bimodal situation to be avoided). Cumulative
frequency graph.
2. PROBABILITY 
Classical definition of probability. Simple problems on finding the probability of an
event.
bottom of page